Changu Narayan Temple

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUGNTi-CpBt8wBeAgkyM4n7J_NcWcFOIwoF_3HpuTyCqmN7m6hzl_8XiatJTUfCEO4ryrv5oChqtrgSOPd4fvZqQKSuAtlYaR-kBkISdB9k4QSOyGgetUOavk-l5fiT00niZ15mbr-cYGy/s1600/download.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUGNTi-CpBt8wBeAgkyM4n7J_NcWcFOIwoF_3HpuTyCqmN7m6hzl_8XiatJTUfCEO4ryrv5oChqtrgSOPd4fvZqQKSuAtlYaR-kBkISdB9k4QSOyGgetUOavk-l5fiT00niZ15mbr-cYGy/s1600/download.jpg" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In the cold season, in the early morning, only a few hilltops protrude from the mist-wrapped Kathmandu Valley. Near the Valley’s eastern rim the full burst of the rising sun catches one such hilltop and illuminated the sanctuary of Changu Narayan. Already the priest in the inner shrine is performing the rites of daily worship, and devotees from the surrounding village of Changu are bringing their offering of fruit and flowers to Narayan, the Lord of Men, the Creator, the Preserver. For more than half a million mornings Changu Narayan has received this same oblation from his faithful adherents.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The Benign, the Glorious, Changu Narayan is enshrined in the largest of the Kathmandu Valley’s pagoda temples. Last restored in the eighteenth century, this Newari-style jewel of temple architecture stands in a wide courtyard surrounded by pilgrim shelters and small shrines. The two-storey brick pagoda incorporates some fine woodwork, particularly in the roof struts, and the western doorway is sheathed in finely-worked repoussé copper and canopied by an extraordinary repoussé tympanum. However, this evidence of devotion of patron and artisan in recent centuries is overshadowed by masterpieces in stone, still in situ, sculpted by masters of earlier times.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The original shrine of Changu Narayan was built by king of the Lichhavi dynasty (c. 330-879 AD.), kings of a race of conquerors from the south. For them and their successors the concept of the Supreme God was much larger than the Valley, even cosmic in extent and was expressed by their sculptors’ portrayal of the majesty of divinity and the benevolence of the universe in stone. The size of their images, the ambition of their themes, and the grace and power of their execution place their work amongst Asia’s most magnificent artistic achievements.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The image of Changu Narayan in the inner shrine is of Vishnu (for Narayan is Vishnu himself) riding his mount Garuda, the old sun-god, bird with human face. A ninth-century replica in the courtyard portrays a divinely distant yet benevolent Vishnu, evoking a past as removed as Tutankhamen. A later portrayal from the Malla period shows the softening of the notion of god and a more intimate deity. Garuda by himself is celebrated outside the shrine, in a massive yet delicate portrait of devotion. His face, so it is said, is that of the great Lichhavi King Manadeva, the king who declared his triumphs on the inscribed pillar that stands close by and which was probably erected to hold the Garuda aloft, although a later earthquake brought him low.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The benign presence of Vishnu, the Savior, is incarnate in many forms, called avatars, to deliver both men and gods from the power of ignorance. In the courtyard are shrines to Krishna, sometime solace to women everywhere and moderator of Armageddon; to Narasingha, the man lion who tore to pieces a usurping demon; and also to Vishnu Vikranta, the Striding Vishnu, incarnated as a Brahmin dwarf to counter the threat of a tyrant demon. Granted the boon of possessions in three steps, the dwarf returned to his cosmic form and strode around the universe in two strides and with a third brought the demon to hell. This difficult theme is represented in the Changu courtyard in a powerful ninth-century relief, perhaps the most impressive of its type in the subcontinent.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> At the start of an ancient Indian Armageddon, Arjuna the charioteer lost heart at the prospect of wreaking death and destruction upon his kith and kin. He sought comfort and strength from Lord Krishna, his driver and Vishnu’s avatar, who enheartened him with a vision of his ultimate, all-encompassing nature. This vision is known as Vishwarupa, the Cosmic Form. In Changu’s courtyard is a relief sculpture of this theme that shows late Lichhavi art at its most magnificent. The work is too small to be devotion and minute examination of the extra-ordinary detail of the netherworld inhabited by nage serpents, the middle world of elephants and a noble mankind, and the heavens, all of which are included in the vision of Vishnu’s nature. The god himself stands, ten headed, passive and benign, triumphant and transcendent, above and beyond his creation.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The power place of Changu Narayan will be claimed by the devotees of Vishnu. But, in a small temple close by, the highly significant Kileswor Mahadev resides in a lingam, the representation of Lord Shiva. Buddhists worship here, and call the deity Avalokiteswara. Tibetans come here pilgrimage and even tourists are permitted into the sacred surrounds. When the sun sets and leaves the golden roofs in darkness, Changu Narayan, the Lord of Men, has preserved the universe for all mankind for yet another day. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Source : <a href="http://www.nepaltrekkingpass.com/changunarayan.php" target="_blank">nepaltrekkingpass.com</a></div>

Changu Narayan Temple

Shrestha Jyo Rakesh 1 6:16 AM

In the cold season, in the early morning, only a few hilltops protrude from the mist-wrapped Kathmandu Valley. Near the Valley’s eastern rim the full burst of the rising sun catches one such hilltop and illuminated the sanctuary of Changu Narayan. A… Read more »

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Mustang

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDQi0Cc4UxngYa2y_3tdTs2FxUMLhkcz-MFYUmLJPC6xgRMWlUJwfBy6spL6Dq6r4LKGcmwDyD_re9THlyzHHMub5cU74ySTDPagqdaIWgW1Jup9pfYQgyO8yYDSaI7gVj_8At1ZZMDaG5/s1600/download.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDQi0Cc4UxngYa2y_3tdTs2FxUMLhkcz-MFYUmLJPC6xgRMWlUJwfBy6spL6Dq6r4LKGcmwDyD_re9THlyzHHMub5cU74ySTDPagqdaIWgW1Jup9pfYQgyO8yYDSaI7gVj_8At1ZZMDaG5/s320/download.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Mustang (from Tibetan Mun Tan (Wylie smon-thang) which means fertile plain) is the former Kingdom of Lo and now part of Nepal, in the north-central part of that country, bordering Tibet on the Central Asian plateau between the Nepalese provinces of Dolpo and Manang. The Kingdom of Lo, the traditional Mustang region, and "Upper Mustang" are one and the same, comprising the northern two-thirds of the present-day Nepalese Mustang District, and are well marked by official "Mustang" border signs just north of Kagbeni where a police post checks permits for non-Nepalese seeking to enter the region, and at Gyu La (pass) east of Kagbeni.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Life in Mustang revolves around tourism, animal husbandry and trade. Mustang is also known as "Tibet outside the Tibetan Border" for it survived the Chinese invasion of 1951 and hence fosters much original Tibetan culture, although it is now politically part of Nepal and, except for a nine km portion from Chhusang to Syangboche (just south of Ghiling (Geling)) as of August 2010, it is bisected by a new road linking it to Tibet to the north and to the rest of Nepal to the south. Plans call for the final nine km portion to be completed in just a few years' time, which will provide, with a high point of 4660 m at Kora La on the Mustang-Tibet border, the lowest drivable corridor through the Himalayas linking the Tibetan Plateau via Nepal to the tropical Indian plains. (The easiest and only widely used road corridor, from Kathmandu to Lhasa via the Arniko Rajmarg (or Arniko Highway, traverses a 5125 m pass.)</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"> History</h3> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Mustang was once an independent kingdom, although closely tied by language and culture to Tibet. From the 15th century to the 17th century, its strategic location granted Mustang control over the trade between the Himalayas and India. At the end of the 18th century the kingdom was annexed by Nepal.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Though still recognized by many Mustang residents, the monarchy officially ceased to exist on October 7, 2008, by order of the Government of Nepal. The last official and current unofficial king (raja or gyelpo) is Jigme Dorje Palbar Bista (born.1933), who traces his lineage directly back to Ame Pal, the warrior who founded this Buddhist kingdom in 1380. Ame Pal oversaw the founding and building of much of the Lo and Mustang capital of Lo Manthang, a walled city surprisingly little changed in appearance from that time period.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Climate</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Mustang is largely dry and arid with annual precipitation in the range of 250–400 mm) due to its position in the rain shadow of the Annapurna massif and the Dhaulagiri Range towards the south.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Demographics</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The population of Mustang District in 2001 was 14,981, spread between three towns and approximately thirty smaller settlements; the people are either Thakalis, Gurung or, in traditional Mustang, primarily Tibetan.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Most of the population of Mustang lives near the Kali Gandaki River, 2800–3900 m above sea level. The tough conditions cause a large winter migration into lower regions of Nepal. The administrative centre of Mustang District is at Jomsom (eight km south of Kagbeni) which has had an airport since 1962 and has become the main tourist entry point since Mustang was opened to western tourism in 1992.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"> Geography</h3> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The main hydrographic feature of Mustang is the Kali Gandaki River. The river runs southward towards Nepal Terai, bisecting Mustang. Routes paralleling the river once served as a major trade route between Tibet and India, especially for salt. Part of the river valley in the southern Mustang District forms by some measures the deepest gorge in the world. Traditional Mustang (the Lo Kingdom) is 53 km north-south at its longest and 60 km east - west at its widest, and ranges from a low point of 2750 m above sea level on the Kali Gandaki River just north of Kagbeni to 6700 m (Khamjung Himal, a peak in southeast Mustang.) </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Though still recognized by many Mustang residents, the monarchy officially ceased to exist on October 7, 2008, by order of the Government of Nepal. The last official and current unofficial king (raja or gyelpo) is Jigme Dorje Palbar Bista (born.1933), who traces his lineage directly back to Ame Pal, the warrior who founded this Buddhist kingdom in 1380. Ame Pal oversaw the founding and building of much of the Lo and Mustang capital of Lo Manthang, a walled city surprisingly little changed in appearance from that time period.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Source : <a href="http://mustang-trekking.com/mustang-information.php" target="_blank">mustang-trekking.com</a></div>

Mustang

Shrestha Jyo Rakesh 0 6:11 AM

Mustang (from Tibetan Mun Tan (Wylie smon-thang) which means fertile plain) is the former Kingdom of Lo and now part of Nepal, in the north-central part of that country, bordering Tibet on the Central Asian plateau between the Nepalese provinces of … Read more »

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Intresting Facts About Pashupatinath Temple

<div style="text-align: justify;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA-2wq6dekEAY8hbIzDdz0q_KhsoPpa_nCk__-kcB0qUWtPbrWebk2bqgWf_5buvd42uxy8k_UGHCi8AnAeyB9WwV-SF4lSmTJNyAdHp5zek4bRVLkMz14ZCbrRwQfprRAJeIrl7pGhNDs/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA-2wq6dekEAY8hbIzDdz0q_KhsoPpa_nCk__-kcB0qUWtPbrWebk2bqgWf_5buvd42uxy8k_UGHCi8AnAeyB9WwV-SF4lSmTJNyAdHp5zek4bRVLkMz14ZCbrRwQfprRAJeIrl7pGhNDs/s1600/images.jpg" /></a></div> The Pashupatinath Temple is a temple dedicated to Lord Pashupatinath who is more commonly known as Lord Shiva. Located in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal, this temple has been listed as a World Heritage Site on UNESCO’s list. Let’s explores some interesting facts about Pashupatinath temple.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Pashupatinath Temple Kathmandu Nepal</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 1. Existing since 400 A.D.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> A row of temples at Pashupatinath</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> A row of temples at Pashupatinath</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Pashupatinath Temple is not only religiously important; it is also historically important as it’s existence dates back to 400 A.D.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 2. The Legend related to its Origin</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> There is a famous legend related to the origin of Pashupatinath Temple. According to this legend, everyday a cow used to visit this specific spot and offer her milk to the ground. The owner of the cow saw her one day and got suspicious. So, he dug up the place and found the Jyotirlinga of Lord Shiva. Slowly more and more people gathered around the Shivalinga to worship and Lord Pashupatinath got popular while this place became a pilgrimage center.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 3. The Structure</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Pashupatinath Temple</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Pashupatinath Temple is located on the Western Bank of river Bagmati. This temple is considered as a masterpiece of Hindu architecture. The main temple consists of a building with bunk roof and golden spire. It is cubic in shape and the four main doors are covered in silver sheets. Also the two storied roof had been constructed from pure copper covered with gold. The main attraction of this temple is the shining Shivalinga and the huge golden statue of Shiva’s Bull, Nandi.</div> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"> Intresting Facts About Pashupatinath Temple</h3> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 4. The Lingam</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Pashupatinath shivalinga</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The Lingam at Pashupatinath temple is very unique. Its uniqueness is due to the fact that the Lingam is four– faced. The faces are such that they are towards the four direction. The face facing East is called Tatpurusha, the one facing West is called Sadhyojata, the one facing North is called Vamadeva and the one facing South is called Aghora. The uppermost portion of the Shivlinga is called Ishan.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 5. Only Hindu can enter</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> pilgrims at aryaghat</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The main temple of the Pashupatinath Temple can be accessed only by the Hindus. For people of all other religions all the other parts of the building are open except the main temple.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 6. Paintings and Sculptures</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Temple door</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> There are many uniquely artistic paintings and sculptures in different parts of the temple. At both sides of each door of the temple there are images of many Gods and Goddesses and Apsaras. Almost all these paintings are done in gold. Each and every beam which supports the roof of the temple are also sculpted with pictures depicting different types of sexual poses.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 7. Arya Ghat</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Arya Ghat at Pashupatinath temple is of special importance as this Ghat is the only place near the temple whose water is considered sacred enough to be brought into the temple. Also this Ghat is considered very auspicious and hence the member of Nepal’s Royal family are cremated here.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 8. Nirvana seekers</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Sadhus</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> It is said that Pashupatinath temple is so blessed that if you are cremated in its premises you will again take birth as a human regardless of the sins you have done in your lifetime. So, a number of elderly people visit this place to spend the last few weeks of their lives in the Pashupatinath temple premise.</div> <h3> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Intresting Facts About Pashupatinath Temple</div> </h3> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 9. Open air Cremation</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Bagamati cremation</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Every Day on the bank of Bagmati River beside which Pashupatinath temple is situated, open air cremation takes place. The eldest son of the deceased shaves his head and completes the rites. Instead of appearing grisly, the cremation appears quite serene.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 10. Unharmed during the 2015 Earthquake</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 2015 Earthquake in Nepal Pashupatinath Temple Area</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 2015 Earthquake in Nepal Pashupatinath Temple Area</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> On 25 April 2015, when an earthquake of 7.8 magnitude hit Nepal it started turning most of the nearby structures and some UNESCO’s world heritage sites into dust. But Pashupatinath Temple which has withstood the test of time once again stood tall facing the disaster. With just a few cracks on the wall, it appeared as a miracle structure amid all dust and rubble. While devotees claimed it as a sign of divine power; others are claiming that its strong base and architecture are the main factors which helped Pashupatinath temple to withstand the effects of the earthquake. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Source : <a href="https://www.google.com.np/amp/ohfact.com/interesting-facts-about-pashupatinath-temple/amp/" target="_blank">ohfact.com</a></div>

Intresting Facts About Pashupatinath Temple

Shrestha Jyo Rakesh 0 5:52 AM

The Pashupatinath Temple is a temple dedicated to Lord Pashupatinath who is more commonly known as Lord Shiva. Located in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal, this temple has been listed as a World Heritage Site on UNESCO’s list. Let’s explores some inter… Read more »

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Lichchhavi Kings of Nepal

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilOhapZ0AXQtuqGBDv99HILMUlAbs9TM3VSVDpkbJYqoCSo_eg3XEKznPzP08P8uT6Nit2A1OnishRZYzwM03nlm3vDsVyrs5FfpbljXEtp2GJoLBzTBAA6nMBfC56EOAh2vNEQmJRXBSC/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilOhapZ0AXQtuqGBDv99HILMUlAbs9TM3VSVDpkbJYqoCSo_eg3XEKznPzP08P8uT6Nit2A1OnishRZYzwM03nlm3vDsVyrs5FfpbljXEtp2GJoLBzTBAA6nMBfC56EOAh2vNEQmJRXBSC/s1600/images.jpg" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> After the downfall of the Kiranti rule, Some dynasty came into power. Only five kings of this dynasty ruled over Nepal. Bhaskerverma was the last king. After that Lichchhavi rule began in Nepal. The Lichchhavis had come to Nepal from India.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Vaisalia was the Lichchhavis homeland. After it was destroyed by Ajatsatru, they flew away to Nepal. Supuspa was the first lichchhavis to enter Nepal and Jaydev I established Lichchhavi rule in Nepal in around 300 A.D. Jaya Dev I was the first king of this line. He has defeated Vasker Verma of of soma dynasty and established Lichchhavis dynasty.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Mandev</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Mandev was a great Lichchhavi king. He ascended the throne after his father Dharmdev's death. He was very young when he bacame king. His mother Rajyawati helped him much in the administration. Mandev is called the first historacal king of Nepal. It is proved by the stone inscription in front of Changu Narayan temple.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Mandev was a very powerful, brave and good administrator. He crushed his rebellous loords. He extended his territory up to the Himalayas in the north, across the Kaligandaki in the west and the Koshi in the east. Nepal developed in trade and industry. He was a devotee of Vishnu but he respected Buddhism also. He made severals temple, vihars and chaityas. He built the temple of Changu Narayan in Bhaktapur.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Performed a yajna and gave gifts to the Brahmins. He established the idols of Trivikram, Vaman and Vishnu. Besides, he built taps, patis and pauwas. He built a palace called 'Mangrih'. He issued coins called 'Manank'. That was the first coin in Nepal.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> He was a learned man. Art and literature developed during his rule. He loved his subjects and respected his mother.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"> Lichchhavi Kings of Nepal</h3> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Anshuverma</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> After Mandev his son Shivdev I sat on the throne. He was a religious minded, learned and patient king. He entrusted the task of administration with Anshuverma.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Anshuverma was a high official in the court of Shivdev I. THe king was very pleased with him and made him Mahasamant. At last he was made king by Shivdev I.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Anshuverma was an able King. He was very clever. He always thought about the good of his people. He encouraged foreign trade. Many things from Nepal sere sent abroad. He brought reforms in weight and measurement. He made arrangements for irrigation. So agriculture and animal husbandry developed. The economic condition of the Subject improved. To protect the country he made forts.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> He was a devotee of Vishnu, but he respected Buddhism. He built temples and vihars. He was a learned man and respected the learned. He made a seven-storeyed grand palace called Kailashkut Bhawan. He conducted administration from there. He loved the freedom of his country. King Srong Tsang Gampo of China and King Harshavardhan of India were very powerful. They wished to extend their teritories. Anshuverma gave his daughter Bhrikuti to Srong Tsang Gampo in marriage. So king Harshavardhan could not dare attack Nepal. Anshuverma introduced a samvat. There was peace in the country. Nepal progressed during his rule.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Some Famous Kings in the Duration of Lichchhavi Period:</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> A. Mana Dev: The first historical king of nepal. His change Narayan inscription dated 464 A.D. gives valuable information about Lichchhavis rule. He suppressed the feudal chiefs of the east and west and also conquered Mallapuri. he minted Manaka coin and constructed Managriha the new palace for him.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> B. Ansuverma: He was not belonged to Lichchhavi dynasty, the was a famous king of the period. He suppressed the powerful Guptas (Courtiers) a malla Thakuri from western Nepal was apppointed as courtier in Shiva Dev 1st place. He introduces various reforms. He constructed Kailash Kut Bhawan.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> C. Jaya Dev II : He was the last famous king of Lichhavi dynasty. His Pashupati inscription gives the genealogy of the of Lichchhavi dynasty. He did very well reformation in the part of social and political, different types of taxes, art and architecture, trade and commerce.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Mediaeval Period :</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Raghavadevia who founded a ruling dynasty since 879 A.D. ; by which date the Lichchhavi dynasty come to an end and it is guessed that a new Thakuri dynasty was started by Raghadeva, according to Dr. Regimi this dynasty have ruled till 1044 A.D. by around 10 kings of this time. At about 11th century, Nepal was split into three states. The Khasiya Mallas dominated the western Nepal, the Dayas took control of the eastern Terai by nanya dev, and the Mallas come to power in Kathmandu valley. In due course of thime the Western Nepal was further divided into 46 Principalities:- 24 in Gandak region known as Chaubisi and Baise in Karnali region known as Baise. The eastern states were also divided into at least three principalities ruled by sena kings. The Kathmandu valley was split into three small kingdom - Kantipur, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur during the time of Yaksha Malla in 14th century.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Source : <a href="http://www.historynepal.com/2010/02/lichchhavi-kings.html" target="_blank">historynepal.com</a></div>

Lichchhavi Kings of Nepal

Shrestha Jyo Rakesh 0 11:03 PM

After the downfall of the Kiranti rule, Some dynasty came into power. Only five kings of this dynasty ruled over Nepal. Bhaskerverma was the last king. After that Lichchhavi rule began in Nepal. The Lichchhavis had come to Nepal from India. Vaisalia… Read more »

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Nepali Jana Andolan 2062/63 (Nepali Mass Movement 2062/63)

<div style="text-align: justify;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO9vbzoKv5DVFL-yREhZrzDwtwGNbvCC-ygBoRFWwg3exsvCxamDqH7pWdC8m5DcLEvtqgtKTr3RGdb9dpACtG7p4H2lrvUZeuhgtSb5L8OGZalF5kyILx4SEMEVeaHVoNYRjOkp8zHU7s/s1600/download+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO9vbzoKv5DVFL-yREhZrzDwtwGNbvCC-ygBoRFWwg3exsvCxamDqH7pWdC8m5DcLEvtqgtKTr3RGdb9dpACtG7p4H2lrvUZeuhgtSb5L8OGZalF5kyILx4SEMEVeaHVoNYRjOkp8zHU7s/s1600/download+%25281%2529.jpg" /></a></div> The Panchayat System introduced by Late king Mahendra in 1960, collapsed in 1990. The leaders of the banned Nepali Congress, Communist and other political parties were opposing the system from the very beginning of its application. Therefore three amendments were made in the Panchayat Constitution to make it popular. But the oppositions were not satisfied with the principles and practices of the Panchayat System. So, the leaders of the various opposition parties were trying to restore te multi-party system, which was becoming very popural internationally.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The year 1990, proved as historical wastorical watershed for Nepal. In the beginning of 1989, the Trade and Transit Treaty with the Government of India lapsed, which caused severe hardship to the people and hindered export and import of the country. In the meantime, the communist parties were trying to unite and the Nepali Congress was seeking for the national conference of the party. Finally, seven communist parties united which is called United Left Front (ULF) and the Nepali Congress called for the national conference on 5-7 January 1990 in Kathmandu. A conference was held attended by a large number of national and Indians as well as some foreign delegates, which confessed a spark of the mass movement. At the same time, the Nepali Congress and the United Left Front decided to dismount against the Partyless Panchayat System and they fixed the date of the movement on. 18th February 1990. Ont he other hand, the Panchayat Government tried its best to obstruct national conference but it could not succeed.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The speeches of Indian delegates and the Nepalese leaders excited the people for movement. The Panchas criticized the speeches of the conference and the government under the premiership of Marich Man Singh, launced processions and meetings in favour of the Panchayat System as well as governcent began arresting party workers and leaders. Clashes between the Panchas and the multipartists took place and the cases of violence began to spread all over the valley.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The movement was launched on scheduled date, i.e, on 18th February 1990 (7th Falgun 2046 B.S.). The Demonstrations were held in various parts of the country. The police force came down heavily against the demonstrators. Some people were shot dead in Bhaktapur, Palpa and Chitwan and many of them were injured. Then the session of violence started to spread in some other towns. The people of Patan (Lalitpur) and Kirtipur seized the towns from government's control and protested against the Panchayat regime. The government failed to suppress the movement. At the same time. His Majesty King Birendra dismissed Marich Man Singh's Government and an interim government was formed under the premiership of Mr. Lokendra Bahadur Chand. Nevertheless, the movement applied curfew in the town. Considering the failure of two days's curfew and loss of lives His Majesty the King BIrendra lifted the ban of the political pariies, granted freedom to the press and formed a COnstitution Reforns Commission in April 1990</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Nepali Jana Andolan 2062/63 (Nepali Mass Movement 2062/63)</span></h3> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> On 8th April 1990, His Majesty Birendra invited the leaders of movement such as Mr Ganesh Man Singh, Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Girija Prasad Koirala, Mana Mohan Adhikari, Mrs Sahana Pradhan , etc. to the palace and promised to fulfill their demands for restoring the multiparty system in Nepal. An interim gov ernment under the premiership of Mr Krishna Prasad Bhattarai was formed. The government sonsisted of eleven members, four from the Nepali Congress, three from the ULF, two from independents and two Royal nominees. Themain responsibilities of the interim government were to frame a democratic constitution and to hold general election within a year. Thus the Panchayat System of about three decades came to an end multiparty system was restored in Nepal.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> We know that the constitution fo Nepal 2047 was democratic but it did not represent the sentiments of Madhesi, Mahila, Dalit, Janjai, Marginalized people and disadvantaged groups. It was drafted by a few people. They were representatives of Congress, CPNUML, Royal Palace and independent. The constitution declared Nepal as a Hindu kingdom including constitutional monarchy. There was less people's participation. After few years, Maoists started armed styruggle. Its main motto was to liberate the people from economic, social political and gender based disparities and discriminations. After the brutal assassination of king Birendra and his family, (Jestha 19th 2058) King Gyanedra dismissed the cabinet of Sher Bahadur Deuba and took all executive powers of country in his hand. After that all political parties were against palace and monarchy. Seven Party lliance strongly suported Maiosts' Twelve points Agreements between SPA and Maoist in Delhi for building the ground for the foundation of Mass Movement-II on Mansir 7th, 2062. There was Mass Revolution II. After that king Gyanendra was compelled to reinstate the dissolved house of representatives. The leaders of the movement wanted a new Constituent Assembly and total transfer of power to people. G.P. Koirala became the prime minister on the unanimity of eight parties. On Jestha 4th, 2063, 25 points peace code of conduct between the Government and Maoist was signed. On Mansir 5th 2063 Comprehensive Peace Agreement was signed between Prime Minister G.P. Koirala and Chairman Prachand. An interim Government was formed including the third amendment resolving to make Nepal a Federal Democratic Republic important lessons. The days of unbridled monarchy are over. Secondly even those who believe in armed revolution have to come to negotiating table and join in the constitutional process in which they alone could not be representatives of Nepali people.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Source : <a href="http://www.historynepal.com/2010/06/nepali-jana-andolan-206263-nepali-mass.html" target="_blank">historynepal.com</a></div>

Nepali Jana Andolan 2062/63 (Nepali Mass Movement 2062/63)

Shrestha Jyo Rakesh 1 10:56 PM

The Panchayat System introduced by Late king Mahendra in 1960, collapsed in 1990. The leaders of the banned Nepali Congress, Communist and other political parties were opposing the system from the very beginning of its application. Therefore three a… Read more »

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Rise of the Rana Regime

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQfoo1m4BXW22022XkLDfEca3_dy1bYEzPZ8pW_mm_w0N0QJg_-fv8hVpIXQiVhZrfWc-jt-izcBzeryIUM_cjIEk6hxZkkfv51LynkLoI1WjS90HAoonK6IgC5R3t3wjRYC3m-eNGcPT_/s1600/download+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQfoo1m4BXW22022XkLDfEca3_dy1bYEzPZ8pW_mm_w0N0QJg_-fv8hVpIXQiVhZrfWc-jt-izcBzeryIUM_cjIEk6hxZkkfv51LynkLoI1WjS90HAoonK6IgC5R3t3wjRYC3m-eNGcPT_/s1600/download+%25282%2529.jpg" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 1. Instable Politics of Nepal</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> After the demise of Prithvi Narayan Shah, his son Pratap Singh ascended the throne. But he expired only after two years nine months in his office. After him his son, Rana Bahadur Shah, at the age of three ascended the throne. Then after, political instability started in Nepal.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 2. Series of murder</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> After the murder of Mathbar Singh Thapa, Chautaria Fatte Jung became the Prime Minister of Nepal. However, Gagan Singh was the powerful person in the court because he was the favourite person of the Queen Rajjya Laxmi. On the night of 31st Bhadra, 1903 B.S. Gagan Singh was mysteriously murdred. On the same nioght there was an assembly to find out the murder. That turned out into the court massacre popularly known as Kot Parva.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 3. Three massacre (Parvas)</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Kot Parva(Court massacre) was the first through which Janga Bahadur became th ePrime Minister and the chief of Nepalese army. On 17th Kartik 1903 Bhandar Khal Parva was occurred through which Junga Bahadur Rana exiled the king and the queen to Banaras. The third was Alau Parva through which Junga Bahadur Rana charged the king of treason and kept him undr house arrest and his son Surendra was formally declared the king. Then Janga Bahadur became the powerful Prime Minister of Nepal.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 4. Marital relations with the royal family:</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Janga Bahadur married the sister of Fatte Jung. He got Surendra married to the daughter of his brother, Krishna Bahadur. The two sons of Janga Bahadur Jagat jung and Jeet Jung were married to the daughter of King Surendra. Later his two daughters were married to the crown prince Trailokya. This relationship of marriage not only enhanced his glory but also made him a powerful Prime Minister.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 5. Royal Seal of 24th Srawan 1913</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> After king Surendra awarded the title of Shree 3 Maharaja of Kaski and Lamjung to Junga Bahadur Rana, he became the most powerful person, resulting the strong foundation of the Rana regime. He started the autocratic rule in the name o giving stability in Nepal which was very weak due to the numerous bloodsheds.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"> Causes of the Fall of Rana regime</h3> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 1. Family feud</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In the life time of Janga Bahadur Rana, attempts were made to oust him from the power. But all suh attempts were in vain. After his death in 1938, the sons of his brothers terminated his sons and made a new order of succession that ultimately made the sons of Dhir Shamsher the most powerful ones.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 2. Exclusion of "C" class Ranas</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Chandra Shamsher initiated the division of class within the Rana family on the basis of marriage. This action planted the sense of dissatisfaction and animosity among the Ranas family members. Juddha Shamsher not only abolished 'C' class Ranas from the succession but also banished them from the country. This made the 'C class Ranas opponent of the Rana regime.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 3. Anti Rana movement</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The anti Rana movement was germinated right from the time of Janga Bahadur Rana. After the end of First World War, the anti-Rana voices were raised but Chandra Shamsher suppressed the movement. The voices against Rana regime were surfaced in the form of Makai Parva, Arya smaj, etc. After 1987 B.S. Charkha Prachar, Prachanda Gorkha, Mahabir School, library episode, Praja Parisad, Jayatu sanskritum were some examples of anti-Rana movements.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 4. Abandonment of throme by King Tribhuvan</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In 2007 B.S, king Tribhuvan abandoned the royal palace and took asylum to Indian Embasy. This brought the anti-Rana movement to the climax. On 7th Falgun 2007 B.S, Nepal was declared a democratic country and the Rana regime came to end.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Janga Bahadur married the sister of Fatte Jung. He got Surendra married to the daughter of his brother, Krishna Bahadur. The two sons of Janga Bahadur Jagat jung and Jeet Jung were married to the daughter of King Surendra. Later his two daughters were married to the crown prince Trailokya. This relationship of marriage not only enhanced his glory but also made him a powerful Prime Minister.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In the life time of Janga Bahadur Rana, attempts were made to oust him from the power. But all suh attempts were in vain. After his death in 1938, the sons of his brothers terminated his sons and made a new order of succession that ultimately made the sons of Dhir Shamsher the most powerful ones.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Source : <a href="http://www.historynepal.com/2010/02/rise-of-rana-regime.html" target="_blank">historynepal.com</a></div>

Rise of the Rana Regime

Shrestha Jyo Rakesh 0 10:49 PM

1. Instable Politics of Nepal After the demise of Prithvi Narayan Shah, his son Pratap Singh ascended the throne. But he expired only after two years nine months in his office. After him his son, Rana Bahadur Shah, at the age of three ascended the t… Read more »

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Information About King Birendra

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEKHH-0nFqSoKKg8He4wYFuGaAOJLTnWx5JJjbB_9h-HNhuiBExblluW5MoqgRcRcHV-pk72I1XJ1hgUiHLz6qDdlPpvMKw15tetJ1AsuejFj0JvYhQhOes-ztroEfjEDnwC56VnwuWWq0/s1600/MeroLegacy+-+king+birendra.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEKHH-0nFqSoKKg8He4wYFuGaAOJLTnWx5JJjbB_9h-HNhuiBExblluW5MoqgRcRcHV-pk72I1XJ1hgUiHLz6qDdlPpvMKw15tetJ1AsuejFj0JvYhQhOes-ztroEfjEDnwC56VnwuWWq0/s320/MeroLegacy+-+king+birendra.jpg" width="239" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Late King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev ruled Nepal for 30 years from January 30, 1971 to June 1, 2001. His son Crown Prince Dipendra was named King on June 2, 2001, after the unfaithful Royal family massacre of June 1, 2001 that took the lives of the King, Queen, Prince, Princess and five other Royal family members. But King Dipendra soon died in hospital on June 4, 2001. The younger brother of late King Birendra, His Majesty King Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev was accessioned to throne on June 4, 2001 and currently rules the country. He is the twelfth King in the Shah dynasty.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">During a regular gathering at Narayanhity Royal Palace on the Friday night of June 1, 2001, the gathered Royal family members were shot dead and some were injured within a few minutes of time by Crown Prince Dipendra, who was heavily under the influence of alcohol and drugs. Crown Prince Dipendra also shot himself in an attempt of suicide over an argument he had with his parents about the woman he wanted to marry. Crown Prince Dipendra was admitted to hospital in a coma and critically wounded condition, but still was named the King. </span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">The King in Nepal is seen as a Living God, the reincarnation of Lord Vishnu. Late King Birendra was very popular and deeply loved by the people of Nepal who were greatly shocked and saddened by the news and it took quite a long time for the countrymen to come out from their self mourning.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">The King, Queen and other members of the Royal family were carried to Pashupati Aryaghat, next to the Holy Bagmati River, for their last rites. Desperate to know the truth, people blocked traffic in protest and riots began in the streets of Kathmandu and even curfew had to be imposed to disperse the restless crowd which just could not believe what had happened inside the highly guarded Royal Palace.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">People shaved their heads as a sign of respect for their beloved King as they would have done in the demise of their family members as per Hinduism and a 5 day closure of government offices and 13 days of official mourning was announced. Just after 48 hours of the title “King”, King Dipendra died in the hospital and the younger brother of late King Birendra, Prince Gyanendra became the new King of Nepal - three Kings in 4 days.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">The murder of Royals inside Narayanhity Royal Palace is said to be the second worst mass killing of royalty in the world after the Romanovs, who were killed back in 1918 during the Russian civil war.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: small;">Information About King Birendra<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> </span></h3> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">During a regular gathering at Narayanhity Royal Palace on the Friday night of June 1, 2001, the gathered Royal family members were shot dead and some were injured within a few minutes of time by Crown Prince Dipendra, who was heavily under the influence of alcohol and drugs. Crown Prince Dipendra also shot himself in an attempt of suicide over an argument he had with his parents about the woman he wanted to marry. Crown Prince Dipendra was admitted to hospital in a coma and critically wounded condition, but still was named the King.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Late King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev ruled Nepal for 30 years from January 30, 1971 to June 1, 2001. His son Crown Prince Dipendra was named King on June 2, 2001, after the unfaithful Royal family massacre of June 1, 2001 that took the lives of the King, Queen, Prince, Princess and five other Royal family members. But King Dipendra soon died in hospital on June 4, 2001. The younger brother of late King Birendra, His Majesty King Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev was accessioned to throne on June 4, 2001 and currently rules the country. He is the twelfth King in the Shah dynasty.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">People shaved their heads as a sign of respect for their beloved King as they would have done in the demise of their family members as per Hinduism and a 5 day closure of government offices and 13 days of official mourning was announced. Just after 48 hours of the title “King”, King Dipendra died in the hospital and the younger brother of late King Birendra, Prince Gyanendra became the new King of Nepal - three Kings in 4 days.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Source : <a href="http://www.visitnepal.com/nepal_information/history.php" target="_blank">visitnepal.com</a></span></div>

Information About King Birendra

Shrestha Jyo Rakesh 0 10:03 PM

Late King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev ruled Nepal for 30 years from January 30, 1971 to June 1, 2001. His son Crown Prince Dipendra was named King on June 2, 2001, after the unfaithful Royal family massacre of June 1, 2001 that took the lives of th… Read more »

Read more »