Nepal and Nepalese People: importance

Rise of the Rana Regime

Shrestha Jyo Rakesh 0 importance 10:49 PM

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1. Instable Politics of Nepal</div>
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After the demise of Prithvi Narayan Shah, his son Pratap Singh ascended the throne. But he expired only after two years nine months in his office. After him his son, Rana Bahadur Shah, at the age of three ascended the throne. Then after, political instability started in Nepal.</div>
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2. Series of murder</div>
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After the murder of Mathbar Singh Thapa, Chautaria Fatte Jung became the Prime Minister of Nepal. However, Gagan Singh was the powerful person in the court because he was the favourite person of the Queen Rajjya Laxmi. On the night of 31st Bhadra, 1903 B.S. Gagan Singh was mysteriously murdred. On the same nioght there was an assembly to find out the murder. That turned out into the court massacre popularly known as Kot Parva.</div>
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3. Three massacre (Parvas)</div>
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Kot Parva(Court massacre) was the first through which Janga Bahadur became th ePrime Minister and the chief of Nepalese army. On 17th Kartik 1903 Bhandar Khal Parva was occurred through which Junga Bahadur Rana exiled the king and the queen to Banaras. The third was Alau Parva through which Junga Bahadur Rana charged the king of treason and kept him undr house arrest and his son Surendra was formally declared the king. Then Janga Bahadur became the powerful Prime Minister of Nepal.</div>
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4. Marital relations with the royal family:</div>
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Janga Bahadur married the sister of Fatte Jung. He got Surendra married to the daughter of his brother, Krishna Bahadur. The two sons of Janga Bahadur Jagat jung and Jeet Jung were married to the daughter of King Surendra. Later his two daughters were married to the crown prince Trailokya. This relationship of marriage not only enhanced his glory but also made him a powerful Prime Minister.</div>
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5. Royal Seal of 24th Srawan 1913</div>
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After king Surendra awarded the title of Shree 3 Maharaja of Kaski and Lamjung to Junga Bahadur Rana, he became the most powerful person, resulting the strong foundation of the Rana regime. He started the autocratic rule in the name o giving stability in Nepal which was very weak due to the numerous bloodsheds.</div>
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Causes of the Fall of Rana regime</h3>
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1. Family feud</div>
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In the life time of Janga Bahadur Rana, attempts were made to oust him from the power. But all suh attempts were in vain. After his death in 1938, the sons of his brothers terminated his sons and made a new order of succession that ultimately made the sons of Dhir Shamsher the most powerful ones.</div>
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2. Exclusion of "C" class Ranas</div>
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Chandra Shamsher initiated the division of class within the Rana family on the basis of marriage. This action planted the sense of dissatisfaction and animosity among the Ranas family members. Juddha Shamsher not only abolished 'C' class Ranas from the succession but also banished them from the country. This made the 'C class Ranas opponent of the Rana regime.</div>
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3. Anti Rana movement</div>
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The anti Rana movement was germinated right from the time of Janga Bahadur Rana. After the end of First World War, the anti-Rana voices were raised but Chandra Shamsher suppressed the movement. The voices against Rana regime were surfaced in the form of Makai Parva, Arya smaj, etc. After 1987 B.S. Charkha Prachar, Prachanda Gorkha, Mahabir School, library episode, Praja Parisad, Jayatu sanskritum were some examples of anti-Rana movements.</div>
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4. Abandonment of throme by King Tribhuvan</div>
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In 2007 B.S, king Tribhuvan abandoned the royal palace and took asylum to Indian Embasy. This brought the anti-Rana movement to the climax. On 7th Falgun 2007 B.S, Nepal was declared a democratic country and the Rana regime came to end.</div>
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Janga Bahadur married the sister of Fatte Jung. He got Surendra married to the daughter of his brother, Krishna Bahadur. The two sons of Janga Bahadur Jagat jung and Jeet Jung were married to the daughter of King Surendra. Later his two daughters were married to the crown prince Trailokya. This relationship of marriage not only enhanced his glory but also made him a powerful Prime Minister.</div>
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In the life time of Janga Bahadur Rana, attempts were made to oust him from the power. But all suh attempts were in vain. After his death in 1938, the sons of his brothers terminated his sons and made a new order of succession that ultimately made the sons of Dhir Shamsher the most powerful ones.</div>
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Source : <a href="http://www.historynepal.com/2010/02/rise-of-rana-regime.html" target="_blank">historynepal.com</a></div>

Rise of the Rana Regime

1. Instable Politics of Nepal After the demise of Prithvi Narayan Shah, his son Pratap Singh ascended the throne. But he expired on...

Buddhist Festivals in Nepal

Shrestha Jyo Rakesh 1 importance 5:52 PM

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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The culture of Nepal is synonymous with its festivals. Myriads of festivals pertaining to different ethnic groups and religions are celebrated throughout the year. Nepal government, in the recent times, has declared national holidays for the chief festivals of major and minor tribal groups of the country, which once was the privilege of those who celebrated Dashain, Tihar and other petty ‘exclusively’ Hindu observations.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Buddhism is adhered by around 11% of the country’s population, especially by the highlanders (Sherpa, Bhotia), Tamangs , Gurungs and Buddhist Newars. These 4 different ethnic groups have their own specific festivals, dissimilar to other groups. The festivals observed by Sherpa and Bhotiya are almost , if not totally, similar to that of Tibetan while Newars, Gurungs and Tamangs have their own unique ways – some derived from the Hindu tradition and some passed down from generations.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Lhosar: </span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Lhosar (New year in Tibetan) is the major religious day for Tibetan peoples, including Sherpa, which marks the start of the new year. The festival usually falls during the month of February or March, which is decided according to the lunar calendar. The fête is actually celebrated for 15 days, first 3 days being the chief period of festivity. Donning new clothes, adorning with jewelries, feasting and dancing are some of the features of the festival. Special noodles called “guthuk” are prepared during Lhosar. In Baudhanath premises of Kathmandu, a portrait of Dalai Lama is exhibited and paraded around the shrine while a multitude of pilgrims swarm there. Tamangs celebrate Lhosar as “Sonam” Lhosar and Gurungs as “Tamu” Lhosar, but at separate times and diverse manners.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Buddha Jayanti: </span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Buddha Jayanti which celebrates the birth of Lord Buddha falls on the day of the full moon of Baisakha (April or May). Some texts also claim that the Shakyamuni attained enlightenment and left his worldly soul on the same day. Major Buddhist shrines belonging to Tibetan Vajrayana sect are embellished with prayer flags. Thousands of pilgrims, both Buddhist and Hindu, from all over Nepal as well as India throng Lumbini during this day. Amazing fact is that some Hindus also revere Buddha as the 9th reincarnation of lord Vishnu, though Buddha himself was an agnostic.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Dalai Lama’s Birthday (June 6): </span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">This anniversary is mainly celebrated by the Tibetan refugees dwelling around Baudhanath and different refugee camps of Nepal. Prayers are invoked for the long life and health of His Holiness. This day, apart from patriotic significance, is marked with religious importance as HH is considered to be the incarnation of Aalokitesvara, one of the bodhisattvas.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Mani Rimdhu: </span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">This festival is observed by Sherpas in Khumbu (Everest region) of Nepal during the full moon of either December or November, which sometimes may be scheduled at a more specific time other than the mentioned months. The monks perform masked dances celebrating the victory of Buddhism over Bon-Po religion in the region. This festival is also marked with merriment by monks as well as laymen.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Tiji festival: </span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">This festival is somewhat similar to Mani Rimdhu but celebrated in the restricted area of upper Mustang by Lhoba peoples. Tiji usually falls during May and Lamas perform colorful masked dances depicting a tale of demon being vanquished by his own son who thus was able to save Mustang and its dwellers from the evil intentions of his father. Tourists and locals gather annually during the festival which is celebrated for three days.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Yartung: </span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Yartung means end of summer in Tibetan and is reveled in Ranipauwa, the gateway to Muktinath. Villagers from as far as Dolpo in the west gather to observe and participate in this 3 days carnival, usually feted during july, which also includes an exciting horse race competition. The first day is royal day which features the (now-ex) king of Mustang, second day is chiefly celebrated by the monks and third day is for the gala by the laymen (locals and tourists). </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The culture of Nepal is synonymous with its festivals. Myriads of festivals pertaining to different ethnic groups and religions are celebrated throughout the year. Nepal government, in the recent times, has declared national holidays for the chief festivals of major and minor tribal groups of the country, which once was the privilege of those who celebrated Dashain, Tihar and other petty ‘exclusively’ Hindu observations.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Source : <a href="http://blog.visitnepal.com/buddhist-festivals-in-nepal/" target="_blank">visitnepal.com</a></span></div>

Buddhist Festivals in Nepal

The culture of Nepal is synonymous with its festivals. Myriads of festivals pertaining to different ethnic groups and religions are cele...

Flag of Nepal

Shrestha Jyo Rakesh 0 importance 8:15 AM

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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">A flag is the symbol of nationality, national unity, and pride of a nation. Almost all of them are rectangular or square. The flag of Nepal, however, is of unique appearance. This is particularly because of its shape and the symbols used.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The flag is formed by two triangles, one stacked upon and slightly overlapping the other, as if joined together on one side. The surface is dark red and the edge is blue.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">In the top triangle is a crescent moon; the sun is in the lower triangle. The sun and moon both are white.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The flag's origin is fully religious and has a Vedic or ancient significance. It is not the outcome of any political movement. In fact, the triangular flag is the archeological heritage of the Aryans. It has a very important place in Eastern culture and civilization. The triangular flag, or Dhoja, can be seen in temples, where it is worshipped. The flag is actually a symbol of extreme faith.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The shape of the current flag was determined at the very beginning of the history of modern Nepal, and the credit for it goes to King Prithvi Narayan Shah.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Above the crescent moon in the top triangle are eight small triangles in what looks like a smaller version of the sun partially eclipsed by the moon. The moon has been used as the symbol of Elixir and is believed to give eternal life. Every religious ritual is done according to the waxing and waning of the moon. The moon even reflects the peaceful and friendly attitude of the Nepali people.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The sun in the lower part has 12 triangles altogether. The sun is the heavenly symbol of fire. It is even the symbol of life because it provides the heat necessary for living beings. It soaks up the water and gives it back in the form of rain, making food production possible on earth. According to the Hindu religion, Sun is one of the Dev or Gods among five Gods or the Panchadev ("pancha" means five and "dev" means god). The history of the worship of the sun is connected with ancient Vedic rituals. Even the 12 signs of the zodiac and the 12 months are related to the movement of the sun.</span><br />
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Flag of Nepal</span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The sun is taken as the head of the planets and a symbol of the soul. Similarly, the moon is taken as the head of the asteroids and a symbol of the heart. The sun even symbolizes eternal light.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The colors used in the flag also have religious and emotional significance. Red symbolizes closeness and blue symbolizes distance, whereas white symbolizes neutrality. Red is related to fire and blood, and blue is related to the vast sky and deep sea. Red is the symbol of extreme heat; blue is the symbol of extreme cold. It seems quite meaningful that the sun, the moon, and the blue and red colors are used together. Red symbolizes bravery. It shows that the Nepalese are brave by birth. It is even the symbol of good luck in Hinduism. Blue symbolizes knowledge, wisdom, honesty, tranquility, and peace.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Red has the quality of arousing love, enthusiasm, and energy to the soul. It is even believed that red is the first color used by human beings. Red is used in the Nepali flag to reveal our brave history.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">In fact, the flag has always remained as the symbol of national unity, bravery, and the cultural and religious faith of the Nepalese people.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The colors used in the flag also have religious and emotional significance. Red symbolizes closeness and blue symbolizes distance, whereas white symbolizes neutrality. Red is related to fire and blood, and blue is related to the vast sky and deep sea. Red is the symbol of extreme heat; blue is the symbol of extreme cold. It seems quite meaningful that the sun, the moon, and the blue and red colors are used together. Red symbolizes bravery. It shows that the Nepalese are brave by birth. It is even the symbol of good luck in Hinduism. Blue symbolizes knowledge, wisdom, honesty, tranquility, and peace.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Red has the quality of arousing love, enthusiasm, and energy to the soul. It is even believed that red is the first color used by human beings. Red is used in the Nepali flag to reveal our brave history.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">In fact, the flag has always remained as the symbol of national unity, bravery, and the cultural and religious faith of the Nepalese people.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Source : <a href="http://english.ohmynews.com/articleview/article_view.asp?no=315048&rel_no=1" target="_blank">english.ohmynews.com</a></span></div>
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Flag of Nepal

A flag is the symbol of nationality, national unity, and pride of a nation. Almost all of them are rectangular or square. The flag of...

Facts about Ancient History of Nepal

Shrestha Jyo Rakesh 0 importance 8:50 PM

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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Prithivi Narayan Shah, the eldest son of Narabhupal Shah of Gorkha, was born on 27 Push 1779 BS. Prithvi Narayan Shah is known as the founder of modern Nepal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The unification campaign was completed in three phases: Phase I: Prithivi Narayan Shah; Phase II: Rajendra Laxmi and Bahadur Shah and Phase III: Girbanuddha Bikram Shah.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Nuwakot which was conquered in the third attempt opened the way to the unification of modern Nepal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">In the first attempt over Kirtipur, the Gorkhali forces were badly defeated and suffered a heavy loss.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Capturing of Makawanpur on 9th Bhadra 1819 BS, largely contributed to the victory over the Kathmandu Valley.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Kirtipur, which was captured in the third attempt in 1823 BS, led the capture of Kantipur, Patan, and Bhaktapur.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Prithivi Narayan Shah had to halt his attack along the Marshyangdi River in the West.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Chaudandi,  Bijapur, and  Limbuwan came under one by one and the eastern boundary of Nepal expanded up to Tista River during Prithivi Narayan Shah’s rule.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Ranabahadur Shah was only 29 months when Pratapsing died, so Rajendra Laxmi became his regent.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">During her nine years rule, she conquered Chaubise states like Kaski, Lamjung, Tanahun, Satahun, Garahun etc.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Bahadur Shah, the youngest son of Prithvi Narayan Shah, ruled as a regent after the death of Rajendra Laxmi.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">During Bahadur Shah’s regency, Nepal conquered remaining Chaubise and all of Baise states and expanded up to Almora, Kumaon, and Gadhwal in the west.</span></div>
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Prithivi Narayan Shah, the eldest son of Narabhupal Shah of Gorkha, was born on 27 Push 1779 BS. Prithvi Narayan Shah is known as the founder of modern Nepal.</div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The unification campaign was completed in three phases: Phase I: Prithivi Narayan Shah; Phase II: Rajendra Laxmi and Bahadur Shah and Phase III: Girbanuddha Bikram Shah.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Nuwakot which was conquered in the third attempt opened the way to the unification of modern Nepal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">In the first attempt over Kirtipur, the Gorkhali forces were badly defeated and suffered a heavy loss.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Capturing of Makawanpur on 9th Bhadra 1819 BS, largely contributed to the victory over the Kathmandu Valley.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Kirtipur, which was captured in the third attempt in 1823 BS, led the capture of Kantipur, Patan, and Bhaktapur.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Prithivi Narayan Shah had to halt his attack along the Marshyangdi River in the West.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Chaudandi,  Bijapur, and  Limbuwan came under one by one and the eastern boundary of Nepal expanded up to Tista River during Prithivi Narayan Shah’s rule.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Ranabahadur Shah was only 29 months when Pratapsing died, so Rajendra Laxmi became his regent.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">During her nine years rule, she conquered Chaubise states like Kaski, Lamjung, Tanahun, Satahun, Garahun etc.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Bahadur Shah, the youngest son of Prithvi Narayan Shah, ruled as a regent after the death of Rajendra Laxmi.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">During Bahadur Shah’s regency, Nepal conquered remaining Chaubise and all of Baise states and expanded up to Almora, Kumaon, and Gadhwal in the west.</span></div>
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Facts about Ancient History of Nepal</div>
</span></h3>
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Prithivi Narayan Shah, the eldest son of Narabhupal Shah of Gorkha, was born on 27 Push 1779 BS. Prithvi Narayan Shah is known as the founder of modern Nepal.</div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The unification campaign was completed in three phases: Phase I: Prithivi Narayan Shah; Phase II: Rajendra Laxmi and Bahadur Shah and Phase III: Girbanuddha Bikram Shah.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Nuwakot which was conquered in the third attempt opened the way to the unification of modern Nepal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">In the first attempt over Kirtipur, the Gorkhali forces were badly defeated and suffered a heavy loss.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Capturing of Makawanpur on 9th Bhadra 1819 BS, largely contributed to the victory over the Kathmandu Valley.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Kirtipur, which was captured in the third attempt in 1823 BS, led the capture of Kantipur, Patan, and Bhaktapur.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Prithivi Narayan Shah had to halt his attack along the Marshyangdi River in the West.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Chaudandi,  Bijapur, and  Limbuwan came under one by one and the eastern boundary of Nepal expanded up to Tista River during Prithivi Narayan Shah’s rule.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Ranabahadur Shah was only 29 months when Pratapsing died, so Rajendra Laxmi became his regent.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">During her nine years rule, she conquered Chaubise states like Kaski, Lamjung, Tanahun, Satahun, Garahun etc.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Bahadur Shah, the youngest son of Prithvi Narayan Shah, ruled as a regent after the death of Rajendra Laxmi.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">During Bahadur Shah’s regency, Nepal conquered remaining Chaubise and all of Baise states and expanded up to Almora, Kumaon, and Gadhwal in the west.</span></div>
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Source : <a href="http://www.imnepal.com/ancient-history-nepal/3/" target="_blank">imnepal.com</a></div>
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Facts about Ancient History of Nepal

Prithivi Narayan Shah, the eldest son of Narabhupal Shah of Gorkha, was born on 27 Push 1779 BS. Prithvi Narayan Shah is known as the fou...

Nepal Facts

Shrestha Jyo Rakesh 0 importance 8:34 PM

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2CfnvGekKFIPvR4-FbX4kAgGRGxWiQetqNqIICbGx2GM8SS8sbcrD5xfINPOxAr3Wi1W1QJdI36wkip51duPdfUvvgWvkPP2q_FYPmMGBFe5TnPVfVHK0tMrR9UBRPckHeVH0LPFu84L8/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2CfnvGekKFIPvR4-FbX4kAgGRGxWiQetqNqIICbGx2GM8SS8sbcrD5xfINPOxAr3Wi1W1QJdI36wkip51duPdfUvvgWvkPP2q_FYPmMGBFe5TnPVfVHK0tMrR9UBRPckHeVH0LPFu84L8/s1600/images.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Culture, Lifestyle and pride:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">1. Nepal is the birthplace for the Lord Gautam Buddha, the light of Asia. Siddhartha Gautam (Buddha) was born in Kapilvastu, Lumbini which lies in Nepal. Lumbini is a sacred place for Buddhists.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2. Nepal was never under any foreign invasion. Thus Nepal does not have an independent day because Nepal was never colonized. Nepal is also the oldest country in South Asia.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">3. Nepal has the densest concentration of World Heritage Sites. Kathmandu valley alone has 7 World Heritage Cultural sites within a radius of 15 kilometers. No wonder Kathmandu is called the living cultural museum of the world.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">4. Nepal is the only country with a non-rectangular flag. Nepal’s flag is maroon with two triangular shapes stacked on one another with blue border. The upper triangle consists of moon and the lower triangle consists of the sun. The current flag has been in place since 1962 although the basic design has been used for over 2,000 years in Nepal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">5. Cows are sacred in Nepal. Recently turned secular, Nepal still has the highest proportion of Hindus in the world. Cow is considered the national animal of the country. In Nepal, cows are not eaten and it is considered illegal to kill the animal. Due to this fact, it is not uncommon to see a cow wandering around the streets of Kathmandu.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">6. Nepal has the only living goddess in the world called Kumari. Kumari literally means virgin in Nepali.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">7. People in Nepal greet one another by saying “Nasmaste” or “Namaskar” with their palms together and bow their forehead. Namaste is directly translated as ‘I salute the God in youˇ. Like “Namaste” is common in the Hindu influenced culture, “Tashidele” is a common greeting in the culture close to Tibetan culture.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">8. Elephant polo game was originated in Meghauli, Nepal. Tiger Tops in Nepal is the headquarters of elephant polo and the site of the World Elephant Polo Championships.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">9. Some of the highest permanent human habitat exists in Himalayan region of Nepal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">10. Nepal has over 80 ethnic groups and 123 Languages (Mother Tongue) .</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">11. Nepal opened its borders in 1949.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Environment:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">1. Over nineteen percent of the total country’s landmass is protected under National Park and Protected Area in Nepal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2. Shivapuri National Park at Budhanilkantha in Kathmandu is the only World’s National Park close to the capital and international airport.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">3. In the last 25 years of conservation work, Nepal has managed to save Blackbuck from extinction, successfully increased the tiger population, and brought back endangered wildlife species such as Gharial, Indian bison, wild buffalo and many others to a healthy and viable population.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">4. Chitwan National Park and Everest National Park is listed in World Heritage Site.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">5. Multi conceptual park management system was first successfully implemented in Annapurna Area and now ACAP is the world model for conservation and sustainable development.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">6. During 70s, there were less than 80 rhinos in Nepal, now Nepal has more than 500 remnants. This is undoubtedly an excellent result in the context of global wildlife conservation record.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">e) Adventure:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">1. Nepal boasts few of the world’s most popular trekking trails such as Annapurna Circuit trekking and Everest Base Camp Trek.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2. Nepal is one of the best arenas for Extreme & Adventure Sport tourism such as mountaineering, cannoning, paragliding, mountain biking, kayaking, rafting, bungee jumping, high altitude marathon etc.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">3. Karnali in Simikot is one of the best rivers in the world for kayaking and most of the upstream Nepalese rivers offer the best rapids for white-water rafting.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Facts about the Himalayas:</span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">1. The word ‘Himalaya” in Sanskrit means abode of snow.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2. The geological age of the Himalaya is approximately 70 million years. It is the youngest Mountain Range in the world.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">3. According to Hindu mythology, God Shiva resides in the Himalaya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">4. Nameha Barwa peak is the easternmost and Nanga Parbat is the westernmost peak of the Himalaya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">5. Kumbhakarna is the new name of mount Jannu (7,710 m).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">6. Gosainthan (8046 m) is the Nepali name for Shisha Pangma.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">7. The ideal height gain per day for mountaineers is 1,000 ft above 10,000 ft.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">8. The Himalayas are the source for rivers such as the Indus, the Yangtze and the Ganga-Brahmaputra. All three are the major river systems of the continent of Asia.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">9. The Himalayas are the third largest deposit of ice and snow in the world, after Antarctica and the Arctic. There are approximately 15,000 glaciers located throughout the range.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">10. The Himalayas are alive geographically! The Indo-Australian plate is still moving at 67 mm per year, and over the next 10 million years it will travel about 1,500 km into Asia</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Source : <a href="http://himalayanecotrek.com/travel-guide/interesting-facts-about-nepal/" target="_blank">himalayanecotrek.com</a></span></div>

Nepal Facts

Culture, Lifestyle and pride: 1. Nepal is the birthplace for the Lord Gautam Buddha, the light of Asia. Siddhartha Gautam (Buddha) wa...

Facts Of Nepal

Shrestha Jyo Rakesh 1 importance 8:31 PM

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl5tsE_En7tQ5xrhYwpuQAIkVaCTheBSlZvRvYGTIHDs1bzhKMVsSJKuPQT3SgJV2RIBKrwCSfCPjjw9RVrn2vBaQ4VAMpDdKWL8XIbDWlR8hDM-IpQwIsI16pyjvKmsnzAHr1MTPMkdES/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl5tsE_En7tQ5xrhYwpuQAIkVaCTheBSlZvRvYGTIHDs1bzhKMVsSJKuPQT3SgJV2RIBKrwCSfCPjjw9RVrn2vBaQ4VAMpDdKWL8XIbDWlR8hDM-IpQwIsI16pyjvKmsnzAHr1MTPMkdES/s1600/images.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Nepal is a beautiful country rightfully called a paradise on earth. The enigmatic country boasts its diverse ethnicity, rich culture and awe-inspiring natural beauty. With a wide variety of flora and fauna in the country, Nepal holds some of the rarest species like the one-horned Rhino, the Bengal tiger and the national flower Rhododendron. Nepal is truly a god’s playground with stunning landscapes, majestic mountains and mesmerizing lakes.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Here we are listing the most fun and interesting facts about Nepal. The most baffling fact about Nepal is that all of the following happens within the limited area of 147,181 sq. km (56,827 sq. mi).</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">1. Nepal has 8 out of the world’s 14 highest mountains including the Mount Everest.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2. The highest mountain in the world, The Mount Everest is in Nepal. Everest is called Sagarmatha in Nepali which translates to “Forehead of the Sky.” In the local Sherpa and Tibetan language, Everest is called Chomolungma, which means “Goddess Mother of the World.” The word Everest comes from George Everest, a British surveyor general of the Himalayas.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">3. In a span of 100 km going from South to North at any part of Nepal you can experience hot tropical climate to bone chilling Artic type weather.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">4. Nepal is the only country with altitudinal variation that ranges from 70 meters to 8848 meters.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">5. Nepal boasts the most extreme places on the earth such as the highest lake on the earth (Tilicho 4800 meters), the deepest gorges (1200 meter) in Kaligandaki, the highest valley on earth (Arun valley) and the tallest grassland in the world in Chitwan.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">6. Kaligandaki is the river older than the Himalayas. Therefore, it acts as a major ecological dividing line of the whole eastern and western Himalayas.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">7. Nepal is a four season destination.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">Bio-diversity:</span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Nepal is called an Amazon of Asia. The hidden treasure of its rich biodiversity is not yet fully explored. Many new species could be discovered from Nepal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">1. Nepal has more than 360 species of Orchid which constitutes over 2% of the world’s orchids.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2. Nepal has 8 % of the total species of birds found in the world.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">3. Nepal comprises 6% of the world’s rhododendron species.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">4. Nepal harbors 5980 species of flowering plants which covers 2.4% of the world’s total. Over 250 species of the flowering plants are endemic in Nepal (i.e. It is not found elsewhere else in the world.)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">5. Nepal has one of the largest concentrations of Royal Bengal Tiger in the world after India and Bangladesh.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">6. It is said that Nepal has largest moth in the world (Atlas Moth)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">7. Some of the largest wild honeybees are found in Nepal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">8. The only natural breeding ground of the Long Snouted Gharial crocodile exists in Nepalese river.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">9. Nepal has nearly 870 species of birds, which arguably more than the whole continent of Europe and North Africa combined.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">10. Nepal has 4.2% of the world’s butterfly species which is over 650 species of butterflies.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">11. Thirty six percent of the world’s Meconopsis species “poppy” including Blue Poppies are found in Nepal of which four are endemic, only found in Nepal. In Nepal, one of the Blue poppy grows as high as 5400-meter altitude. This is perhaps one of the highest limits for the poppy to be found in the world.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">12. The mysterious creature of the Himalayas called Yeti is said to be spotted in the Nepalese Himalayas by many. Sir Edmund Hillary even led an expedition to find the Yeti in 1958.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">13. Second largest population of One-horned Rhino is found in Nepal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">14. Nepal has one of the best habitats for Snow Leopard.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">15. Sukla Phanta in West Nepal harbors the world largest herd of Swamp deer.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Nepal is a beautiful country rightfully called a paradise on earth. The enigmatic country boasts its diverse ethnicity, rich culture and awe-inspiring natural beauty. With a wide variety of flora and fauna in the country, Nepal holds some of the rarest species like the one-horned Rhino, the Bengal tiger and the national flower Rhododendron. Nepal is truly a god’s playground with stunning landscapes, majestic mountains and mesmerizing lakes.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Next Page Available</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Source : <a href="http://himalayanecotrek.com/travel-guide/interesting-facts-about-nepal/" target="_blank">himalayanecotrek.com</a></span></div>

Facts Of Nepal

Nepal is a beautiful country rightfully called a paradise on earth. The enigmatic country boasts its diverse ethnicity, rich culture and a...

10 World Heritage Sites of Nepal Listed in UNESCO

Shrestha Jyo Rakesh 0 importance 5:26 PM

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGZXn7KaWss-e9w5SFtFiQ9-rJsnqqey9MzTxRYRIckkPiT-yI1YwzaBk8yiS4Td8DhyVrqDZw39zsVG4LeLHRlJJXiTD4AqVkRM3w5Jt0eh0QA4_3VuclwHYHPF3fAQbPsFrns99LX9dY/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGZXn7KaWss-e9w5SFtFiQ9-rJsnqqey9MzTxRYRIckkPiT-yI1YwzaBk8yiS4Td8DhyVrqDZw39zsVG4LeLHRlJJXiTD4AqVkRM3w5Jt0eh0QA4_3VuclwHYHPF3fAQbPsFrns99LX9dY/s1600/images.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">UNESCO identified World Heritage Sites as places that belong to all the peoples of the world, Nepal has 4 Properties inscribed on the World Heritage lists. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Listed 2 Cultural and 2 Natural Sites.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Kathmandu Valley (Cultural)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Lumbini ( Cultural)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Chitwan Natioanl Park ( natural)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Sagarmatha Natioanal Park ( Everest/ Natural)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">1, Kathmandu-Valley</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">i) Pashupati nath temple. "Lord of animals" </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Hindu temple of god Shiva one of the important god of Hindus dedicated to Pashupatinath is located on the banks of the Bagmati River.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">ii, BoudhaNath </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">"one of the largest Stupa in the world" </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">located in northeastern outskirts of Kathmandu, about 20 minute drive from heart of Kathmandu.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">iii, Swayambhunath- "Monkey Temple"</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Located in top hill in the west of Kathmandu valley , majorly a Stupa one of the old religious complex place where we can see the brotherhood of the religion between Buddhist and Hindus</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">iv, Kathmandu Durbar square " The place where God still exists"</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Old royal palace of the former Kathmandu Kingdom held the palaces of the Malla and Shah kings who ruled over the city. Along with these palaces, the square surrounds quadrangles, revealing courtyards and temples. It is known as Hanuman Dhoka Durbar Square, a name derived from a statue of Hanuman, the monkey devotee of Lord Ram, at the entrance of the palace.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">v, Patan Durbar Square-“The architectural heritage”</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Situated at the center of Lalitpur cityThe Square floor is tiled with red bricks. There are many temples and idols in the area. The main temples are aligned opposite of the western face of the palace.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">vi,Bhaktapur Durbar Square.- "Way back to Culture"</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The Bhaktapur Durbar Square is located in the current town of Bhaktapur, also known as Bhadgoan, which lies 13 km east of Kathmandu. While the complex consists of at least four distinct squares (Durbar Square, Taumadhi Square, Dattatreya Square and Pottery Square), the whole area is informally known as the Bhakapur Durbar Square and is a highly visited site in the Kathmandu Valley.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">vii, Changu Narayan.- "Where Nepal’s history starts."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">An ancient Hindu temple located near the village of Changunarayan in the Kathmandu Valley on top of a hill at the eastern end of the valley. Its location is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the north of Bhaktapur and 22 kilometres (14 mi) from Kathmandu.</span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />10 World Heritage Sites of Nepal Listed in UNESCO</span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">UNESCO identified World Heritage Sites as places that belong to all the peoples of the world, Nepal has 4 Properties inscribed on the World Heritage lists. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Listed 2 Cultural and 2 Natural Sites.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Kathmandu Valley (Cultural)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Lumbini ( Cultural)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Chitwan Natioanl Park ( natural)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Sagarmatha Natioanal Park ( Everest/ Natural)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2,Lumbini</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">“Birth place of Buddha”</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">was granted World Heritage sites by UNESCO in 1997.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The present-day Lumbini historic site is 4.8 km (3 mi) in length and 1.6 km (1.0 mi) in width. The holy site of Lumbini is bordered by a large monastic zone in which only monasteries can be built, no shops, hotels or restaurants. It is separated into an eastern and western monastic zone, the eastern having the Theravadin monasteries, the western having Mahayana and Vajrayana monasteries.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">3,Chitwan national park</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">"wildlife Camp"</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">It was established in 1973 and granted the status of a World Heritage Site in 1984. It covers an area of 932 sqkm and is located in the subtropical Inner Terai lowlands of south-central Nepal in the Chitwan District</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Chitwan National Park is one of Nepal’s most popular tourist destinations and is also the first National Park.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">4,Sagarmatha National Park</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">"Top of the world"</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Protected area in the Himalayas of eastern Nepal that is dominated by Mount Everest. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">UNESCO identified World Heritage Sites as places that belong to all the peoples of the world, Nepal has 4 Properties inscribed on the World Heritage lists. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Listed 2 Cultural and 2 Natural Sites.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Kathmandu Valley (Cultural)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Lumbini ( Cultural)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Chitwan Natioanl Park ( natural)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Sagarmatha Natioanal Park ( Everest/ Natural)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">UNESCO identified World Heritage Sites as places that belong to all the peoples of the world, Nepal has 4 Properties inscribed on the World Heritage lists. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Listed 2 Cultural and 2 Natural Sites.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Kathmandu Valley (Cultural)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Lumbini ( Cultural)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Chitwan Natioanl Park ( natural)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Sagarmatha Natioanal Park ( Everest/ Natural)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Source : <a href="http://www.gonepal.com.np/blog/unesco-world-heritage-sites-in-nepal" target="_blank">gonepal.com.np</a></span></div>

10 World Heritage Sites of Nepal Listed in UNESCO

UNESCO identified World Heritage Sites as places that belong to all the peoples of the world, Nepal has 4 Properties inscribed on the Wor...

History of Newars

Shrestha Jyo Rakesh 0 importance 8:22 AM

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPSCSs6aFsa1U8dmKM1Q-hjZOQiMdpUFmHFXoN7whCxWBGkccpco7fUMr5RDytAMj-J5klVevDtOawiNTQPgvJI3rCeW4lpbG38luVQqJUGU31G7V9BZ6fY3-raRJt6sXbz2pPOPj1fV1J/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPSCSs6aFsa1U8dmKM1Q-hjZOQiMdpUFmHFXoN7whCxWBGkccpco7fUMr5RDytAMj-J5klVevDtOawiNTQPgvJI3rCeW4lpbG38luVQqJUGU31G7V9BZ6fY3-raRJt6sXbz2pPOPj1fV1J/s1600/images.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">For about a thousand years, the Newar civilization in Central Nepal preserved a microcosm of classical North Indian culture in which Brahmanic and Buddhist elements enjoyed equal status. Snellgrove and Richardson (1968) speak of 'the direct heritage of pre-Islamic India'. This was the direct result of the years of migration of people from both north and south who brought with them not only their genetic and racial diversity but also greatly moulded the dominant culture and tradition of Newars.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The different divisions of Newars had different historical developments. The common identity of Newar was formed in the Kathmandu Valley. Until the conquest of the valley by the Gorkha Kingdom in 1769, all the people who had inhabited the valley at any point of time were either Newar or progenitors of Newar. So, the history of Newar correlates to the history of the Kathmandu Valley prior to the establishment of the modern state of Nepal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The earliest known history of Newar and the Kathmandu Valley blends with mythology recorded in historical chronicles. One such text, which recounts the creation of the valley, is the Swayambhu Purana. According to this Buddhist scripture, the Kathmandu Valley was a giant lake until the Bodhisattva Manjusri, with the aid of a holy sword, cut a gap in the surrounding hills and let the water out. This apocryphal legend is supported by geological evidence of an ancient lakebed, and it provides an explanation for the high fertility of the Kathmandu Valley soil.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">According to the Swayambhu Purana, Manjusri then established a city called Manjupattan (Sanskrit "Land Established by Manjusri"), now called Manjipā, and made Dharmākara its king. A shrine dedicated to Manjusri is still present in Majipā. No historical documents have been found after this era till the advent of the Gopal era. A genealogy of kings is recorded in a chronicle called Gopalarajavamsavali. According to this manuscript, the Gopal kings were followed by the Mahispals and the Kirats before the Licchavis entered from the south. Some claim Buddha to have visited Nepal during the reign of Kirat king Jitedasti. The Licchavi dynasty ruled for at least 600 years, followed by the Malla dynasty in the 12th century AD.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Newar reign over the valley and their sovereignty and influence over neighboring territories ended with the conquest of the Kathmandu Valley in 1769 by the Gorkhali Shah dynasty founded by Prithvi Narayan Shah.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Prior to the Gorkha conquest, which began with the Battle of Kirtipur in 1767, the borders of Nepal Mandala extended to Tibet in the north, the nation of the Kirata in the east, the kingdom of Makwanpur in the south and the Trishuli River in the west which separated it from the kingdom of Gorkha.</span></div>
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Economic history</h3>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Newar traders in Lhasa in the 1940s.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Trade, industry and agriculture have been the mainstay of the economy of the Newars. They are made up of social groups associated with hereditary professions that provide ritual and economic services. Merchants, craftsmen, artists, potters, weavers, dyers, farmers and other castes all played their part in creating a flourishing economic system. Elaborate cultural traditions which required the use of varied objects and services also fueled the economy. Towns and villages in the Kathmandu Valley specialized in producing particular products, and rich agriculture produced a surplus for export.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">For centuries, Newar merchants have handled trade between Tibet and India besides exporting locally manufactured products to Tibet. Rice was another major export. Porters and pack mules transported merchandise over mountain tracks that formed the old trade routes. Since the 18th century, Newars have spread out across Nepal and established trading towns dotting the midhills. They are known as jewelry makers and shopkeepers. Today, they are engaged in modern industry, business and service sectors.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">For about a thousand years, the Newar civilization in Central Nepal preserved a microcosm of classical North Indian culture in which Brahmanic and Buddhist elements enjoyed equal status. Snellgrove and Richardson (1968) speak of 'the direct heritage of pre-Islamic India'. This was the direct result of the years of migration of people from both north and south who brought with them not only their genetic and racial diversity but also greatly moulded the dominant culture and tradition of Newars.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Source : <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newar_people" target="_blank">wikipedia.org</a></span></div>

History of Newars

For about a thousand years, the Newar civilization in Central Nepal preserved a microcosm of classical North Indian culture in which ...

Newars

Shrestha Jyo Rakesh 0 importance 8:10 AM

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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The Newar or Newah (/nɪˈwɑːr/; Newar: नेवा:) are the historical inhabitants of the Kathmandu Valley and its surrounding areas in Nepal, and the creators of its historic heritage and civilization. Newars form a linguistic and cultural community of primarily Indo-Aryan and Tibeto-Burman ethnicities following Hinduism and Buddhism with Nepal Bhasa as their common language. Newars have developed a division of labour and a sophisticated urban civilization not seen elsewhere in the Himalayan foothills. Newars have continued their age-old traditions and practices, and pride themselves as the true custodians of the religion, culture and civilization of Nepal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The valley and surrounding territories constituted the former Newar kingdom of the Nepal Mandala. Unlike other common-origin ethnic or caste groups of Nepal, the Newars are regarded as an example of a nation community with a relict identity, derived from an ethnically-diverse, previously-existing polity. Newar community within it consists of various strands of ethnic, racial, caste and religious heterogeneity, as Newars of today are descendants of the diverse group of people that have lived in Nepal Mandala since prehistoric times. Indo-Aryan immigrants like the Licchavis and Mallas that arrived at different periods eventually merged with the local population by adopting their language and customs. These immigrants however retained their Indic heritage and brought with them their Sanskritic languages, social structure, Vedic religion and culture which has profoundly altered the history of Newar civilization. Newar rule in Nepal Mandala ended with its conquest by the Gorkha Kingdom in 1768.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Newars are known for their contributions to culture, art and literature, trade, agriculture and cuisine. Today, Newars consistently rank as the most economically, politically and socially advanced community of Nepal, according the annual Human Development Index published by UNDP. Nepal's 2011 census ranks Newars as the nation's sixth-largest ethnicity/community, with 1,321,933 Newars throughout the country.</span></div>
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Origin of the name</h3>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The terms "Nepāl", "Newār", "Newāl" and "Nepār" are phonetically different forms of the same word, and instances of the various forms appear in texts in different times in history. Nepal is the learned (Sanskrit) form and Newar is the colloquial (Prakrit) form. A Sanskrit inscription dated to 512 in Tistung, a valley to the west of Kathmandu, contains the phrase "greetings to the Nepals" indicating that the term "Nepal" was used to refer to both the country and the people.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The term "Newar" referring to "inhabitant of Nepal" appeared for the first time in an inscription dated 1654 in Kathmandu.  Italian Jesuit priest Ippolito Desideri (1684–1733) who traveled to Nepal in 1721 has written that the natives of Nepal are called Newars.  It has been suggested that "Nepal" may be a sanskritization of "Newar", or "Newar" may be a later form of "Nepal". According to another explanation, the words "Newar" and "Newari" are vulgarisms arising from the mutation of P to V, and L to R.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The world famous Golden gate of Bhaktapur.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">As a result of the phonological process of dropping the last consonant and lengthening the vowel, "Newā" for Newār or Newāl, and "Nepā" for Nepāl are used in ordinary speech.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The term "Newar" referring to "inhabitant of Nepal" appeared for the first time in an inscription dated 1654 in Kathmandu.  Italian Jesuit priest Ippolito Desideri (1684–1733) who traveled to Nepal in 1721 has written that the natives of Nepal are called Newars.  It has been suggested that "Nepal" may be a sanskritization of "Newar", or "Newar" may be a later form of "Nepal". According to another explanation, the words "Newar" and "Newari" are vulgarisms arising from the mutation of P to V, and L to R.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The world famous Golden gate of Bhaktapur.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">As a result of the phonological process of dropping the last consonant and lengthening the vowel, "Newā" for Newār or Newāl, and "Nepā" for Nepāl are used in ordinary speech.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The terms "Nepāl", "Newār", "Newāl" and "Nepār" are phonetically different forms of the same word, and instances of the various forms appear in texts in different times in history. Nepal is the learned (Sanskrit) form and Newar is the colloquial (Prakrit) form. A Sanskrit inscription dated to 512 in Tistung, a valley to the west of Kathmandu, contains the phrase "greetings to the Nepals" indicating that the term "Nepal" was used to refer to both the country and the people.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Source : <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newar_people" target="_blank">wikipedia.org</a></span></div>

Newars

The Newar or Newah (/nɪˈwɑːr/; Newar: नेवा:) are the historical inhabitants of the Kathmandu Valley and its surrounding areas in Nepal, a...

Life Cycle Ceremonies in Newar Communities

Shrestha Jyo Rakesh 0 importance 6:11 AM

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM7w4Wywt_SBxgbXcTkGtKJY1VTwb-gZb6tnKDRt7c6wMTh1e9IRm2JiVv9iR6FJuKq-Vfa7x2YQWn5ler0FT95-QwbFn-2ze7QMAXQhRpiqk6wEpRzYR6l3hiN2W-QeNl-fEFMbFn8rP6/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM7w4Wywt_SBxgbXcTkGtKJY1VTwb-gZb6tnKDRt7c6wMTh1e9IRm2JiVv9iR6FJuKq-Vfa7x2YQWn5ler0FT95-QwbFn-2ze7QMAXQhRpiqk6wEpRzYR6l3hiN2W-QeNl-fEFMbFn8rP6/s1600/images.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Elaborate ceremonies chronicle the life cycle of a Newar from birth till death.[92][93] Newars consider life-cycle rituals as a preparation for death and the life after it. Hindus and Buddhists alike perform the "Sorha Sanskaar Karma" or the 16 sacred rites of passage, unavoidable in a Hindu person's life. The 16 rites have been shortened to 10 and called "10 Karma Sanskar" (Newar: दश कर्म संस्कार). These include important events of a person's life like "Jatakarma" (Newar: जातकर्म) (Child birth), "Namakaran" (Newar: नामकरण) (Naming the child), "Annapraasan" (Newar: अन्नप्राशन) (First rice feeding ceremony), "Chudakarma" or "Kaeta Puja" (first hair shaving and loin cloth ceremony), "Vivaaha" (Newar: विवाह) (Wedding), among others.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Chudakarma ceremony or Kaeta Puja (Bare Chuyegu/Acharyabhisheka or Bratabandha/Upanayana)</span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Once such important rite of passage ceremony among the male Newars is performing the loin-cloth and head-shaving ceremony called Chudākarma (Newar: चुडाकर्म) or Kaeta Puja (Newar: काएत पूजा) which is traditionally performed for boys aged five to thirteen according to the religious affiliation Newars identify with.[94]</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">In this ceremony, Buddhist Newars - Gubhāju-Baré (Bajracharya-Shakya), Urāy, Jyapu and few artisan castes like Chitrakār - perform their Pravrajyā (Sanskrit: प्रवराज्या) and Chudākarma ceremony by mimicking Gautama Buddha's ascetic and medicant lifestyle and the steps to attain monkhood and nirvana where the boy stays in a Buddhist monastery, Vihara, for three days, living the life of a monk and abandoning all material pleasures. On the fourth day, he disrobes and returns to his family and henceforth becomes a householder Buddhist for the rest of his life.[95] The Buddhist priestly clan Gubhāju-Baré (Bajracharya and Shakya) go through an additional initiation ceremony called Bare Chuyegu (becoming a Baré) while Bajracharya boys are further required to go through Acharyabhisheka (Sanskrit: आचार्याभिषेक) which is a Tantric initiation rite that qualifies a Bajracharya to perform as a purohita.[96]</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Hindu Newars perform the male initiation ceremony as a ritual observance of the brahmachārya - the first stage in the traditional four stages of life. During the ritual, the young boy renounces family and lineage for the celibate religious life. His head is fully shaved except a tuft in the top, he must don yellow/orange robes of the medicant, he must beg rice from his relatives and prepare to wander out into the world. Having this symbolically fulfilled the ascetic ideal, he can be called back by his family to assume the life of a householder and his eventual duty as a husband and a father. Twice-born (Brahmin and Kshatriya) Newars - Rajopādhyāyas and Chatharīyas - additionally perform the Upanayana initiation where the boy receives his sacred thread (Sanskrit: यज्ञोपवीत) and the secret Vedic mantras - RV.3.62.10 (Gāyatrī mantra) for Brahmins and RV.1.35.2 (Shiva mantra) for Chatharīyas.[97] The boy is then fully inducted into his caste status as a Dvija with the obligation to observe henceforth all commensal rules and other caste obligations(Newar: कर्म चलेको).[95]</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Macha Janku</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">This is the rice feeding ceremony, "Annapraasan" (Newar: अन्नप्राशन). It is performed at the age of six or eight months for boys and at the age of five or seven months for girls.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Ihi ceremony</span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">For a female child, Ihi (Ehee)(Newar: ईहि) short for Ihipaa (Eheepā)(Newar: ईहिपा) (Marriage) is performed between the ages of five to nine. It is a ceremony in which pre-adolescent girls are "married" to the bael fruit (wood apple), which is a symbol of the god Vishnu. It is believed that if the girl's husband dies later in her life, she is not considered a widow because she is married to Vishnu, and so already has a husband that is believed to be still alive.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Bahra ceremony</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Girls have yet another ceremonial ritual called Bahra Chuyegu(Newar: बराह चुयेगु) when a girl approaches puberty. She is kept in a room for 12 days hidden and is ceremonially married to the sun god Surya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Jankwa</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Jankwa or Janku is an old-age ceremony which is conducted when a person reaches the age of 77 years, seven months, seven days, seven hours, seven minutes, seven quarter.[38] Three further Janku ceremonies are performed at similar auspicious milestones at age 83, 99 and 105. The first Janwa is called "Bhimratharohan", the second "Chandraratharohan", the third "Devaratharohan", and the fourth "Divyaratharohan". After the second Jankwa, the person is accorded deified status.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">The Sagan ceremony where auspicious food items are presented is an important part of life-cycle rituals.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">All Newars, except the Laakumi and Jogi caste, cremate their dead. The Jogis bury their dead. As part of the funeral, offerings are made to the spirit of the deceased, the crow and the dog. The crow and the dog represent ancestors and the god of death. Subsequently, offerings and rituals are conducted four, seven, eight, 13 and 45 days following death and monthly for a year and then annually.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Buddhist Newars also make a mandala (sand painting) depicting the Buddha on the third day after death which is preserved for four days.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Source : <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newar_people" target="_blank">wikipedia.org</a></span></div>

Life Cycle Ceremonies in Newar Communities

Elaborate ceremonies chronicle the life cycle of a Newar from birth till death.[92][93] Newars consider life-cycle rituals as a preparati...

Agriculture in Nepal

Shrestha Jyo Rakesh 0 importance 3:11 AM

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7bX3NaWPpQuuiLj-L0VE__XWu4NlZ5bmSC9tmhhyphenhyphenZHvUEDAb0qUfIpPBKknOcT-IP_UUKSH56DtpfIt6VMzR1_dbGm0p4wl57Fr9vNHh-CSjzPGLW_ydq6ixyn45xMwavokjJ5gUMHI2O/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7bX3NaWPpQuuiLj-L0VE__XWu4NlZ5bmSC9tmhhyphenhyphenZHvUEDAb0qUfIpPBKknOcT-IP_UUKSH56DtpfIt6VMzR1_dbGm0p4wl57Fr9vNHh-CSjzPGLW_ydq6ixyn45xMwavokjJ5gUMHI2O/s1600/images.jpg" /></a></div>
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Agriculture in Nepal</h3>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "linux libertine" , "georgia" , "times" , serif; font-size: x-small;">In Nepal, the economy is dominated by agriculture. In the late 1980s, it was the livelihood for more than 90 percent of the population, although only approximately 20 percent of the total land area was cultivable, it accounted for, on average, about 60 percent of the GDP and approximately 75 percent of exports.[1] Since the formulation of the Fifth Five-Year Plan (1975–80), agriculture has been the highest priority because economic growth was dependent on both increasing the productivity of existing crops and diversifying the agricultural base for use as industrial inputs.[1]</span></div>
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According to the World Bank, agriculture is the main source of food, income, and employment for the majority.[2]</div>
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In trying to increase agricultural production and diversify the agricultural base, the government focused on irrigation, the use of fertilizers and insecticides, the introduction of new implements and new seeds of high-yield varieties, and the provision of credit. The lack of distribution of these inputs, as well as problems in obtaining supplies, however, inhibited progress.[1] Although land reclamation and settlement were occurring in the Terai Region, environmental degradation and ecological imbalance resulting from deforestation also prevented progress.</div>
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Although new agricultural technologies helped increase food production, there still was room for further growth. Past experience indicated bottlenecks, however, in using modern technology to achieve a healthy growth. The conflicting goals of producing cash crops both for food and for industrial inputs also were problematic.</div>
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In Nepal, the economy is dominated by agriculture. In the late 1980s, it was the livelihood for more than 90 percent of the population, although only approximately 20 percent of the total land area was cultivable, it accounted for, on average, about 60 percent of the GDP and approximately 75 percent of exports.[1] Since the formulation of the Fifth Five-Year Plan (1975–80), agriculture has been the highest priority because economic growth was dependent on both increasing the productivity of existing crops and diversifying the agricultural base for use as industrial inputs.[1]</div>
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According to the World Bank, agriculture is the main source of food, income, and employment for the majority.[2]</div>
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In trying to increase agricultural production and diversify the agricultural base, the government focused on irrigation, the use of fertilizers and insecticides, the introduction of new implements and new seeds of high-yield varieties, and the provision of credit. The lack of distribution of these inputs, as well as problems in obtaining supplies, however, inhibited progress.[1] Although land reclamation and settlement were occurring in the Terai Region, environmental degradation and ecological imbalance resulting from deforestation also prevented progress.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Although new agricultural technologies helped increase food production, there still was room for further growth. Past experience indicated bottlenecks, however, in using modern technology to achieve a healthy growth. The conflicting goals of producing cash crops both for food and for industrial inputs also were problematic.</div>
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Agriculture in Nepal</h3>
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In Nepal, the economy is dominated by agriculture. In the late 1980s, it was the livelihood for more than 90 percent of the population, although only approximately 20 percent of the total land area was cultivable, it accounted for, on average, about 60 percent of the GDP and approximately 75 percent of exports.[1] Since the formulation of the Fifth Five-Year Plan (1975–80), agriculture has been the highest priority because economic growth was dependent on both increasing the productivity of existing crops and diversifying the agricultural base for use as industrial inputs.[1]</div>
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According to the World Bank, agriculture is the main source of food, income, and employment for the majority.[2]</div>
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<br /></div>
<div>
In trying to increase agricultural production and diversify the agricultural base, the government focused on irrigation, the use of fertilizers and insecticides, the introduction of new implements and new seeds of high-yield varieties, and the provision of credit. The lack of distribution of these inputs, as well as problems in obtaining supplies, however, inhibited progress.[1] Although land reclamation and settlement were occurring in the Terai Region, environmental degradation and ecological imbalance resulting from deforestation also prevented progress.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Although new agricultural technologies helped increase food production, there still was room for further growth. Past experience indicated bottlenecks, however, in using modern technology to achieve a healthy growth. The conflicting goals of producing cash crops both for food and for industrial inputs also were problematic.</div>
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<br /></div>
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In Nepal, the economy is dominated by agriculture. In the late 1980s, it was the livelihood for more than 90 percent of the population, although only approximately 20 percent of the total land area was cultivable, it accounted for, on average, about 60 percent of the GDP and approximately 75 percent of exports.[1] Since the formulation of the Fifth Five-Year Plan (1975–80), agriculture has been the highest priority because economic growth was dependent on both increasing the productivity of existing crops and diversifying the agricultural base for use as industrial inputs.[1]</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
According to the World Bank, agriculture is the main source of food, income, and employment for the majority.[2]</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
In trying to increase agricultural production and diversify the agricultural base, the government focused on irrigation, the use of fertilizers and insecticides, the introduction of new implements and new seeds of high-yield varieties, and the provision of credit. The lack of distribution of these inputs, as well as problems in obtaining supplies, however, inhibited progress.[1] Although land reclamation and settlement were occurring in the Terai Region, environmental degradation and ecological imbalance resulting from deforestation also prevented progress.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
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Although new agricultural technologies helped increase food production, there still was room for further growth. Past experience indicated bottlenecks, however, in using modern technology to achieve a healthy growth. The conflicting goals of producing cash crops both for food and for industrial inputs also were problematic.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Source : <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Nepal" target="_blank">wikipedia.org</a></div>
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Agriculture in Nepal

Agriculture in Nepal In Nepal, the economy is dominated by agriculture. In the late 1980s, it was the livelihood for more than 90...

Nepal and Nepalese People